¶ 66. III. THE
SOCIAL COMMUNITY
The rights and privileges a
society bestows upon or withholds from those who comprise it indicate the
relative esteem in which that society holds particular persons and groups of
persons. We affirm all persons as equally valuable in the sight of God. We
therefore work toward societies in which each person's value is recognized,
maintained, and strengthened. We support the basic rights of all persons to
equal access to housing, education, employment, medical care, legal redress for
grievances, and physical protection.
A) Rights of Racial and
Ethnic Persons--Racism is the combination of the power to dominate by
one race over other races and a value system that assumes that the dominant race
is innately superior to the others. Racism includes both personal and
institutional racism. Personal racism is manifested through the individual
expressions, attitudes, and/or behaviors that accept the assumptions of a racist
value system and that maintain the benefits of this system. Institutional racism
is the established social pattern that supports implicitly or explicitly the
racist value system. Racism plagues and cripples our growth in Christ, inasmuch
as it is antithetical to the gospel itself. Therefore, we recognize racism as
sin and affirm the ultimate and temporal worth of all persons. We rejoice in the
gifts that particular ethnic histories and cultures bring to our total life. We
commend and encourage the self-awareness of all racial and ethnic groups and
oppressed people that leads them to demand their just and equal rights as
members of society. We assert the obligation of society and groups within the
society to implement compensatory programs that redress long-standing, systemic
social deprivation of racial and ethnic people. We further assert the right of
members of racial and ethnic groups to equal opportunities in employment and
promotion; to education and training of the highest quality; to
nondiscrimination in voting, in access to public accommodations, and in housing
purchase or rental; and to positions of leadership and power in all elements of
our life together. We support affirmative action as one method of addressing the
inequalities and discriminatory practices within our Church and
society.
B) Rights of Religious
Minorities--Religious persecution has been common in the history of
civilization. We urge policies and practices that ensure the right of every
religious group to exercise its faith free from legal, political, or economic
restrictions. We condemn all overt and covert forms of religious intolerance,
being especially sensitive to their expression in media stereotyping. We assert
the right of all religions and their adherents to freedom from legal, economic,
and social discrimination.
C) Rights of
Children--Once considered the property of their parents, children are now
acknowledged to be full human beings in their own right, but beings to whom
adults and society in general have special obligations. Thus, we support the
development of school systems and innovative methods of education designed to
assist every child toward complete fulfillment as an individual person of worth.
All children have the right to quality education, including full sex education
appropriate to their stage of development that utilizes the best educational
techniques and insights. Christian parents and guardians and the Church have the
responsibility to ensure that children receive sex education consistent with
Christian morality, including faithfulness in marriage and abstinence in
singleness. Moreover, children have the rights to food, shelter, clothing,
health care, and emotional well-being as do adults, and these rights we affirm
as theirs regardless of actions or inactions of their parents or guardians. In
particular, children must be protected from economic, physical, and sexual
exploitation and abuse.
D) Rights of Youth and
Young Adults--Our society is characterized by a large population of youth
and young adults who frequently find full participation in society difficult.
Therefore, we urge development of policies that encourage inclusion of youth and
young adults in decision-making processes and that eliminate discrimination and
exploitation. Creative and appropriate employment opportunities should be
legally and socially available for youth and young adults.
E) Rights of the
Aging--In a society that places primary emphasis upon youth, those growing
old in years are frequently isolated from the mainstream of social existence. We
support social policies that integrate the aging into the life of the total
community, including sufficient incomes, increased and nondiscriminatory
employment opportunities, educational and service opportunities, and adequate
medical care and housing within existing communities. We urge social policies
and programs, with emphasis on the unique concerns of older women and ethnic
persons, that ensure to the aging the respect and dignity that is their right as
senior members of the human community. Further, we urge increased consideration
for adequate pension systems by employers, with provisions for the surviving
spouse.
F) Rights of
Women--We affirm women and men to be equal in every aspect of their common
life. We therefore urge that every effort be made to eliminate sex-role
stereotypes in activity and portrayal of family life and in all aspects of
voluntary and compensatory participation in the Church and society. We affirm
the right of women to equal treatment in employment, responsibility, promotion,
and compensation. We affirm the importance of women in decision-making positions
at all levels of Church life and urge such bodies to guarantee their presence
through policies of employment and recruitment. We support affirmative action as
one method of addressing the inequalities and discriminatory practices within
our Church and society. We urge employers of persons in dual career families,
both in the Church and society, to apply proper consideration of both parties
when relocation is considered.
G) Rights of Persons
with Disabilities--We recognize and affirm the full humanity and personhood
of all individuals with disabilities as full members of the family of God. We
affirm the responsibility of the Church and society to be in ministry with
children, youth, and adults with mental, physical, developmental, and/or
psychological disabilities whose different needs in the areas of mobility,
communication, intellectual comprehension, or personal relationships might
interfere with their participation or that of their families in the life of the
Church and the community. We urge the Church and society to receive the gifts of
persons with disabilities to enable them to be full participants in the
community of faith. We call the Church and society to be sensitive to, and
advocate for, programs of rehabilitation, services, employment, education,
appropriate housing, and transportation. We call on the Church and society to
protect the civil rights of persons with disabilities.
H) Equal Rights Regardless of
Sexual Orientation--Certain basic human rights and civil liberties are due
all persons. We are committed to supporting those rights and liberties for
homosexual persons. We see a clear issue of simple justice in protecting their
rightful claims where they have shared material resources, pensions, guardian
relationships, mutual powers of attorney, and other such lawful claims typically
attendant to contractual relationships that involve shared contributions,
responsibilities, and liabilities, and equal protection before the law.
Moreover, we support efforts to stop violence and other forms of coercion
against gays and lesbians. We also commit ourselves to social witness against
the coercion and marginalization of former homosexuals.
I)
Population--Since the growing worldwide population is increasingly
straining the world's supply of food, minerals, and water and sharpening
international tensions, the reduction of the rate of consumption of resources by
the affluent and the reduction of current world population growth rates have
become imperative. People have the duty to consider the impact on the total
world community of their decisions regarding childbearing and should have access
to information and appropriate means to limit their fertility, including
voluntary sterilization. We affirm that programs to achieve a stabilized
population should be placed in a context of total economic and social
development, including an equitable use and control of resources; improvement in
the status of women in all cultures; a human level of economic security, health
care, and literacy for all.
J) Alcohol and Other
Drugs--We affirm our long-standing support of abstinence from alcohol as a
faithful witness to God's liberating and redeeming love for persons. We support
abstinence from the use of any illegal drugs. Since the use of alcohol and
illegal drugs is a major factor in crime, disease, death, and family
dysfunction, we support educational programs encouraging abstinence from such
use.
Millions of living human beings
are testimony to the beneficial consequences of therapeutic drug use, and
millions of others are testimony to the detrimental consequences of drug misuse.
We encourage wise policies relating to the availability of potentially
beneficial or potentially damaging prescription and over-the-counter drugs; we
urge that complete information about their use and misuse be readily available
to both doctor and patient. We support the strict administration of laws
regulating the sale and distribution of all opiates. We support regulations that
protect society from users of drugs of any kind where it can be shown that a
clear and present social danger exists. Drug-dependent persons and their family
members are individuals of infinite human worth deserving of treatment,
rehabilitation, and ongoing life-changing recovery. Misuse should be viewed as a
symptom of underlying disorders for which remedies should be
sought.
K) Tobacco--We affirm our
historic tradition of high standards of personal discipline and social
responsibility. In light of the overwhelming evidence that tobacco smoking and
the use of smokeless tobacco are hazardous to the health of persons of all ages,
we recommend total abstinence from the use of tobacco. We urge that our
educational and communication resources be utilized to support and encourage
such abstinence. Further, we recognize the harmful effects of passive smoke and
support the restriction of smoking in public areas and
workplaces.
L) Medical
Experimentation--Physical and mental health has been greatly enhanced
through discoveries by medical science. It is imperative, however, that
governments and the medical profession carefully enforce the requirements of the
prevailing medical research standard, maintaining rigid controls in testing new
technologies and drugs utilizing human beings. The standard requires that those
engaged in research shall use human beings as research subjects only after
obtaining full, rational, and uncoerced consent.
M) Genetic
Technology--The responsibility of humankind to God's creation challenges us
to deal carefully with the possibilities of genetic research and technology. We
welcome the use of genetic technology for meeting fundamental human needs for
health, a safe environment, and an adequate food supply.
Because of the effects of genetic
technologies on all life, we call for effective guidelines and public
accountability to safeguard against any action that might lead to abuse of these
technologies, including political or military ends. We recognize that cautious,
well-intended use of genetic technologies may sometimes lead to unanticipated
harmful consequences.
Human gene therapies that produce
changes that cannot be passed to offspring (somatic therapy) should be limited
to the alleviation of suffering caused by disease. Genetic therapies for eugenic
choices or that produce waste embryos are deplored. Genetic data of individuals
and their families should be kept secret and held in strict confidence unless
confidentiality is waived by the individual or by his or her family, or unless
the collection and use of genetic identification data is supported by an
appropriate court order. Because its long-term effects are uncertain, we oppose
genetic therapy that results in changes that can be passed to offspring
(germ-line therapy).
N) Rural Life--We support
the right of persons and families to live and prosper as farmers, farm workers,
merchants, professionals, and others outside of the cities and metropolitan
centers. We believe our culture is impoverished and our people deprived of a
meaningful way of life when rural and small-town living becomes difficult or
impossible. We recognize that the improvement of this way of life may sometimes
necessitate the use of some lands for nonagricultural purposes. We oppose the
indiscriminate diversion of agricultural land for nonagricultural uses when
nonagricultural land is available. Further, we encourage the preservation of
appropriate lands for agriculture and open space uses through thoughtful land
use programs. We support governmental and private programs designed to benefit
the resident farmer rather than the factory farm and programs that encourage
industry to locate in nonurban areas.
We further recognize that
increased mobility and technology have brought a mixture of people, religions,
and philosophies to rural communities that were once homogeneous. While often
this is seen as a threat to or loss of community life, we understand it as an
opportunity to uphold the biblical call to community for all persons. Therefore,
we encourage rural communities and individuals to maintain a strong connection
to the earth and to be open to: offering mutual belonging, caring, healing, and
growth; sharing and celebrating cooperative leadership and diverse gifts;
supporting mutual trust; and affirming individuals as unique persons of worth,
and thus to practice shalom.
O) Urban-Suburban
Life--Urban-suburban living has become a dominant style of life for more and
more persons. For many it furnishes economic, educational, social, and cultural
opportunities. For others, it has brought alienation, poverty, and
depersonalization. We in the Church have an opportunity and responsibility to
help shape the future of urban-suburban life. Massive programs of renewal and
social planning are needed to bring a greater degree of humanization into
urban-suburban lifestyles. Christians must judge all programs, including
economic and community development, new towns, and urban renewal, by the extent
to which they protect and enhance human values, permit personal and political
involvement, and make possible neighborhoods open to persons of all races, ages,
and income levels. We affirm the efforts of all developers who place human
values at the heart of their planning. We must help shape urban-suburban
development so that it provides for the human need to identify with and find
meaning in smaller social communities. At the same time, such smaller
communities must be encouraged to assume responsibilities for the total
urban-suburban community instead of isolating themselves from
it.
P) Media Violence and
Christian Values--The unprecedented impact the media (principally television
and movies) are having on Christian and human values within our society becomes
more apparent each day. We express disdain at current media preoccupation with
dehumanizing portrayals, sensationalized through mass media "entertainment" and
"news." These practices degrade humankind and violate the teachings of Christ
and the Bible.
United Methodists, along with
those of other faith groups, must be made aware that the mass media often
undermine the truths of Christianity by promoting permissive lifestyles and
detailing acts of graphic violence. Instead of encouraging, motivating, and
inspiring its audiences to adopt lifestyles based on the sanctity of life, the
entertainment industry often advocates the opposite, painting a cynical picture
of violence, abuse, greed, profanity, and a constant denigration of the family.
The media must be held accountable for the part they play in the decline of
values we observe in society today. Many in the media remain aloof to the issue,
claiming to reflect rather than to influence society. For the sake of our human
family, Christians must work together to halt this erosion of moral and ethical
values in the world community.
Q) Right to Health
Care--Health is a condition of physical, mental, social, and spiritual
well-being, and we view it as a responsibility--public and private. Health care
is a basic human right. Psalm 146 speaks of the God "who executes justice for
the oppressed;/ who gives food to the hungry./ The L[MS]ORD sets the prisoners
free;/ the L[MS]ORD opens the eyes of the blind." It is unjust to construct or
perpetuate barriers to physical wholeness or full participation in
community.
We encourage individuals to
pursue a healthy lifestyle and affirm the importance of preventive health care,
health education, environmental and occupational safety, good nutrition, and
secure housing in achieving health. We also recognize the role of governments in
ensuring that each individual has access to those elements necessary to good
health.
R) Organ Transplantation and
Donation--We believe that organ transplantation and organ donation are acts
of charity, agape love, and self-sacrifice. We recognize the life-giving
benefits of organ and other tissue donation and encourage all people of faith to
become organ and tissue donors as a part of their love and ministry to others in
need. We urge that it be done in an environment of respect for deceased and
living donors and for the benefit of the recipients, and following protocols
that carefully prevent abuse to donors and their families.